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Before wastewater, (which includes sewage), can be recycled or released to the environment, it must be treated to remove harmful microorganisms and pollutants…
Before wastewater, (which includes sewage), can be recycled or released to the environment, it must be treated to remove harmful microorganisms and pollutants…
At least three different ways to use recycled water are applied around the world: groundwater and aquifer replenishment, surface water augmentation and direct potable reuse…
The ‘One Water’ paradigm recognises the interconnectedness of groundwater, stormwater, wastewater, flooding, water quality, wetlands, watercourses, estuaries, and coastal waters, and integrates multi-use, flexible and environmentally sustainable systems while valuing all urban water flows as a potential resource…
Wastewater recycling uses reverse osmosis (RO) membranes to produce freshwater but this process also generates a waste stream – the reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) – which contains almost all the contaminants present in the original wastewater…
Recycling wastewater by using reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration appears to be associated with the formation of some groups of micropollutants but there is not much information about these processes…
Membranes are used to remove viruses from treated wastewater to make it safe for discharge or recycling…
Smaller and regional Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) have the capacity to recycle wastewater for agricultural use, but the cost of obtaining regulatory approval or ‘accreditation’ is prohibitive…
The steam produced by boiling a kettle of salty water can be collected, condensed and drunk…
Ultrafiltration membranes are used to remove viruses from treated wastewater…
Reverse osmosis (RO) is used to desalinate seawater and brackish groundwater, and to remove microscopic pathogens from treated wastewater…